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Vierte Ausgabe von IJoDR erschienen!

Ich bin möchtig stolz mitzuteilen, dass heute die vierte Ausgabe unserer online-Zeitschrift International Journal of Dream Research erschienen. Das Ziel der Zeitschrift ist es begutachtete Beiträge aus dem Bereich der Traumforschung zu publizieren. Die Bereiche reichen dabei von Traumerinnerung, Trauminhalte, Albträume, luzide Träume, Träume bei Kindern bis zu psychologischen Aspekten des Schlafes im Allgemeinen. Zusätztlich zu den empirischen Arbeiten werden Überblicksartikel und Buch bzw. Mediabesprechung veröffentlicht. In der vierten Ausgabe der Zeitschrift gibt es einen “Invited Essay” von Allan Hobson und sieben Originalbeiträge:

  • The Neurobiology of Consciousness: Lucid Dreaming Wakes Up (Allan Hobson)
  • Dreams of Recovering Alcoholics: Mood, Dream Content, Discovery, and the Storytelling Method of Dream Interpretation (DeCicco, Higgins)
  • Dreaming, Lucid Dreaming and Personality (Doll, Gittler, Holzinger)
  • Home Dream Recall in Children and Young Adults (Schredl)
  • A Re-Examination of the Interference Hypothesis on Dream Recall (Parke, Horton )
  • Subjective Sleep Quality prior to Home and Away Games for Female Volleyball Players (Erlacher, Schredl, Lakus)
  • A comparison of the dreams of male and Female Abstinent Alcoholics compared to Non Alcoholic Controls: Are the differences significant? (Parker, Alford)
  • Nightmare frequency in patients with primary insomnia (Schredl)

Die Beiträge können kostenlos unter http://ijodr.org als pdf-Datei heruntergeladen werden. Das International Journal of Dream Research ist ein open access E-Journal und es werden keine Gebühren für den Autor erhoben. Interessierte Forscher/innen können ab sofort ihre Manuskripte an die Herausgeber senden:

* Michael Schredl (editor@ijodr.org)
* Daniel Erlacher (editor@ijodr.org)

Die nächste Ausgabe des International Journal of Dream Research soll im April 2010 erscheinen.

Konzentrationsphase statt Lehre im Wintersemester

Das neue Semester hat heute angefangen und der übliche Semesterstartstress ist bei mir deutlich geringer ausgeprägt als sonst. Der Grund ist einfach: Nach den leitenden Empfehlungen des Senats zur Förderung des wissenschaftlichen Nachwuchses an der Ruprech-Karls-Universität Heidelberg darf ein Habilitant eine sogenannte Konzentrationsphase in Anspruch nehmen. In den Leitlinie kann man unter Punkt 3.4 lesen:

“3.4 Entlastung der Habilitanden

Das hohe Durchschnittsalter bei Erteilung der Venia legendi ist nicht zuletzt der übermäßigen Belastung der Habilitanden durch diverse Aufgaben in der Lehre, in der akademischen Selbstverwaltung und durch andere Dienstleistungen geschuldet. Die Perspektive, das Habilitationsverfahren nach vier Jahren abschließen zu können, erscheint nur dann realistisch, wenn die Fakultäten nachhaltig und konkret darauf hinwirken, die Habilitanden zu entlasten.

Deshalb sollen auch die Lehrverpflichtungen auf das für die Lehrausbildung erforderliche Maß begrenzt werden (siehe Abschnitt 3.2.1, Seite 15 und Abschnitt 3.2.3, Seite 16). Zusätzlich soll den Habilitanden nach der Zwischenevaluation ein festes Zeitkontingent von insgesamt mindestens zehn Monaten zur Konzentration auf die Habilitationsschrift eingeräumt werden. Diese Konzentrationsphase soll nach Möglichkeit nur eine Vorlesungszeit umfassen und ansonsten in der vorlesungsfreien Zeit in Anspruch genommen werden. Während der Konzentrationszeit muss der Habilitand von allen Aufgaben in der Lehre und in der akademischen Selbstverwaltung befreit werden. Die Institute haben für eine adäquate Vertretung Sorge zu tragen. Die Mittel dafür müssen aus dem Instituts-Etat aufgebracht werden, können aber als Investitionen in den wissenschaftlichen Nachwuchs bei den Budgetverhandlungen geltend gemacht werden.”

Das Wintersemester 2009/10 möchte ich dafür nutzen und damit mein Habilitationsprojekt auf die Ziegerade bringen, denn mein anvisierter Abschluss soll Im Frühjahr 2011 erfolgen und das bedeutet, dass ich in gut einem Jahr mein Habilitationsverfahren eröffnen möchte. Also nicht sauer sein, wenn meine Tür zum Büro des öfteren geschlossen bleibt.

Projekttreffen in Braunshausen

Im Rahmen unseres BISp-Projekts “Schlafbegleitende Lernprozesse nach dem Erlernen einer motorischen Aufgabe: Überprüfung der Generalisierbarkeit der aktuellen Forschungsbefunde anhand der Strategie multipler Aufgaben” haben wir vom 9.–11. August 2009 ein Projekttreffen in Braunshausen organisiert. Wir, das sind aus Saarbrücken Klaus Blischke, Sebastian Brückner, Andreas Malangre, Peter Leinen und aus Heidelberg Daniel Erlacher, Steffen Schmidt (KA), Friedrich Müller. Die Agenda die sich die “Schlaf AG” vorgenommen hatte umfasste Neu-Anträge, Experimente, Kongresse, Publikationen, Personal und internationale Vernetzung. In den drei Tagen haben wir uns also intensiv mit unserem gemeinsamen Forschanstrengungen auseinandergesetzt und verschiedene Projekte entscheidend vorangetrieben.

Wii Fit im Traum

Die Vorlesungszeit ist bald vorbei und mein Hauptseminar ist seit letzter Woche vorüber. “Motorik und Trauminhalte” lautete der Titel der Veranstaltung und insgesamt 13 Studierende ließen sich für das Thema begeistern. Das Seminar fand immer am Montag Morgen von 8.15-9.45 Uhr statt, zudem wurden aufwendige Schlafaufzeichnungen mit jedem im Kurs geplant. Insgesamt trafen wir uns achtmal am Montag, um die Theorie für die Veranstaltung zu behandeln. Statt Referate erarbeiteten die Studierende in Gruppenarbeiten Poster, auf denen die wesentlichen Grundlagen über die Schlaf- und Traumforschung aufgeführt wurden. Neben den Theorieeinheiten verbrachten die Studierenden eine Nacht am ISSW. Vor dem Schlafen mussten sie für zwei Stunden Wii Fit spielen. Insgesamt gab es sechs Balancierspiele zu bewältigen bevor es ins Bett ging. Während der Nacht wurden die “Träumer” dann bis zu viermal aus dem Traumschlaf geweckt und mussten berichten über was sie geträumt hatten (Etwa alle 90 Minuten kommt für die Traumforschung die besonders interessante REM-Schlafphase, in der wir lebhafte Träume erleben). Die Vermutung, dass häufig vom Balancieren geträumt wird, wurde teils bestätigt, wobei das Wii-Spiel nur in zwei Träumen auftauchte. Die umfassende Aufgabe der Schlafaufzeichnung wurden von Andreas Winkler durchgeführt, der auch seine Diplomarbeit über diese Studie verfassen wird, ihm nochmal an dieser Stelle mein besonderer Dank. Insgesamt war mein Eindruck, dass die Studierenden es sehr genossen im Unterricht zu schlafen, aber auch erkannten, dass auf Kommando zu schlafen, nicht immer so einfach ist. Vielen Dank für die tolle Stimmung und die gute Mitarbeit in dem Seminar.

Weitere Bilder über das Hauptseminar finden sich unter:
http://picasaweb.google.de/derlach2/2009SoSeHauptseminarMotorikUndTrauminhalte

Suicide (NightReport No. 6 - 27.05.1999)

Vor genau 10 Jahren war ich für ein Praktikum an der Stanford University bei Stephen LaBerge. Während der vier Monate verbrachte ich einige Nächte im Schlaflabor. Um mir die Zeit zu vertreiben, habe ich ab und an einen NightReport verfasst und an alle geschickt, die in meinem E-Mail-Verteiler waren. Nun will ich das 10-jährige Jubiläum nutzen, um die alten Reports in meinem Blog erneut zu veröffentlichen. Hier nun der fünfte NightReport:

The majority of the human beings on earth do not commit suicide, instead of that they wait for a natural death or until somebody else kills them. That is, when we take a closer look at life itself, odd. But not only under humans is this a seldom habit also in the world of animals suicide seems to be a more rare occasion. If we believe in evolution we can assume that there is a strong correlation between humans and animals. Man evolved, was once an animal, but could make the difference with the development of the cortex. He started to cultivate himself. When we think about animals, we believe they are free of sorrows and just live their life.
On the other hand humans started to reflect their behavior. They find themselves in the world and start to ask questions. Questions, a paradox in itself, will never find answers. The only answers we will get are assumptions made from humans. So now we have an organism, which can reflect its own behavior and embedded in this organism there is this ‘incredible engine’ which keeps this organism alive. The whole issue gets interesting when this species comes to the conclusion that life is senseless and the only reasonable step in this dilemma would be to quit their life. The fact that humans are still on this planet proofs this last reasonable step as wrong. And we can conclude that this ‘mysterious engine’ has almost miracle power. A lot of people wouldn’t agree with the statement that ‘life is senseless’. They believe that life makes a lot of sense. They believe for example in god, science or in aliens. Maybe they are right and there is a god, maybe science makes a lot of sense, or whatever. But all in all we can only believe in such things. So follow me on this short trip and imagine that believe is maybe a part of this ‘source of life’.
Let’s search for the origin of this ‘engine of life’ and hope the evolution theory can help us. My ideas of evolution are probably simple and not very sophisticated, but here are some basic thoughts like, ‘survivor of the fittest’, ‘selection and mutation’. These basic ideas made evolution possible, fishes started to live on land, animals started fly, apes came down from their trees and finally there are we, humans. A lot of archaeological findings seem to proof this theory and the fact that evolution theory is the dogma in school (more than religion in western worlds) implies that there is at least some truth, or better, todays best explanation
to explain the status human life. But can this theory explain the birth of the first single cell? No, none of our contemporary scientific theories can explain how something originates from nothing. Thus, the question for the beginning is a paradox. Anyway, assume we have now single cells the beginning of life. Why they live? Why they try to reproduce their self? It is hard to tell from the perspective of a human. We imply too much of our own experience in this question. Probably the effort to ask this question is like I mentioned it in the beginning the biggest mistake. Questions require an effect. And every effect is caused by…? Caused by what? If I drop a pen and the pen falls to the ground I can conclude that the cause was gravity, and what causes gravity? Sure there is an answer to this question and probably the word force will appear, but what causes force? And we will go the next step to find an answer… but fact is that we have only explanations made from humans and we can believe in those explanations, but there is no truth out their. Think you are a single cell and you decide to get faster what would you do? Would you invent the neurons to have a very fast communication system in your self? How would you build them? How would you change your internal body?
Sure those are stupid questions, but on the other hand those are the evolutionary steps from the perspective of the organism and not from the perspective of a human who tries to make sense of life. To conclude that we have a neurological system because it is faster than a hormone based communication system seems to be logical, but it is still not an explanation of how an organism could evolve such a system. So what is the reason for an organism to evolve? Why does he stay alive? Why does he tries to survive? We don’t know. probably the organism doesn’t know. But we can ask ourselves and what we find is an indescribable engine which keeps us alive. Hidden in believes, believe in religion, believe in society, believe in love, believe in science, and if you want believe in existence.

Consciousness (NightReport No. 5 - 22.05.1999)

Vor genau 10 Jahren war ich für ein Praktikum an der Stanford University bei Stephen LaBerge. Während der vier Monate verbrachte ich einige Nächte im Schlaflabor. Um mir die Zeit zu vertreiben, habe ich ab und an einen NightReport verfasst und an alle geschickt, die in meinem E-Mail-Verteiler waren. Nun will ich das 10-jährige Jubiläum nutzen, um die alten Reports in meinem Blog erneut zu veröffentlichen. Hier nun der fünfte NightReport:

Welcome,

Hi there and who are you?! It is time for another night-report. It is almost like a morning-report, because Nathen kept me up all night long. I can tell that I will be a good daddy. If my child is crying in the night….. No Problemo!!! So, tonight’s topic is about mind, consciousness, you, the rest and the truth….
This topic goes back to Paul Tholey*, but it is apparent connected with lucid dreams, so that you have to think about it sooner or later. Reality? In recent times a lot of movies wanna open our eyes and question reality. X-files, Trueman Show, The Matrix, Existence… what is real and how real is your life? In the most of those movies there is a close connection to dreams. Thus, how real are your dreams? Suppose you are dreaming and I’m one of your dream characters. Well, now assume that I face you and talk to you about that stuff I’m just writing. So, I’m in your dream!!! How would you find out that I’m not real? How do you know that I do not have my own consciousness? How do we know that dream characters we see all night in our dreams have not a consciousness of there own and therefore are not only illusions of our mind? How would you find out that I’m (me as a dream character of your dream) not aware of your dream?
Okay, okay here is one possibility to find it out, ask me (your dream guy from your dream) if I can draw a picture of you?! This would show that I have an own perspective in your dream. Here is another good question. Ask me if I can tell you a word you never heard before! Or, think about a rhyme or poem and tell it to me! Or, just tell me how I came here! Initially, there is the point that you talk to me at all. That you CAN talk to me without knowing what I will tell you. In other words, that we have a kind of conversation. Far before that, that I’m encountering you in your dream or any other dream character. Assume there is something like a unconsciousness and this part of you (probably a part of your brain) puts me in your dream because of an occasion from your waking life. E.g. you know tomorrow is Wednesday and this means a new night report from DAEN, so that’s the reason why your brain puts me in your dream. But what about dream creatures you never saw before in your life? Assume your mind finds a way and we skip the unanswered question about why do we dream about what we dream about?
Let’s focus on the questions you asked me before. Here are the answers: I will show you a picture of you, come up with a totally strange word, which you never heard before, but if you check it in a dictionary you will find it and I tell you a very nice poem or rhyme from 8 lines. These are results from Paul Tholeys studies. Nothing of that proofs really that I have my a consciousness of my own, as dream guy in your dream, but how would you proof it in real life? At least I could show in your dream a bit of memory ability, own perspective, and creativity. Is this psychic… transcendental? Maybe, there is another explanation. Think about how many different characters you can play in your ‘real life’? You can act like me, you can pretend that you are DAEN (which is probably not that hard, all you have to do is to talk big deal of bullshit :) ) . Or you can feel like you felt with 16.
Our mind can mimic an infinite amount of different characters, so that the real question should be: “How can we identify ourselves?”. Multiple-personality-disorder, people lost about this ability and ‘can’ switch between different personalities (voluntary or not). Some of those people have up to 200 different characters. The cause for this disorder is in the most cases a traumatic event e.g. rape, witness of severe accidents, etc. and the victim tries to displace himself… Well, what did we learn tonight? Nothing, which is more than absolutely nothing. For further reading a very interesting link to: Conversation Between Stephen LaBerge and Paul Tholey in July of 1989.

* Tholey, P. (1989). Consciousness and abilities of dream characters during lucid dreaming. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 68, 567– 578.

Manny Babbitt (NightReport No. 4 - 05.05.1999)

Vor genau 10 Jahren war ich für ein Praktikum an der Stanford University bei Stephen LaBerge. Während der vier Monate verbrachte ich einige Nächte im Schlaflabor. Um mir die Zeit zu vertreiben, habe ich ab und an einen NightReport verfasst und an alle geschickt, die in meinem E-Mail-Verteiler waren. Nun will ich das 10-jährige Jubiläum nutzen, um die alten Reports in meinem Blog erneut zu veröffentlichen. Hier nun der vierte NightReport:

Welcome

……Yesterday was a wonderful night to die….

Yesterday I had a somehow different night shift. I was standing in front of the gates of the San Quentin State Prison, California. I was not alone about one hundred people have been there. They all waited for a miracle.

Death penalty, execution, death row… expressions I only knew from TV or cinema. “Dead Man Walking”… I didn’t know that almost every week a man is walking to his immortality. I didn’t know that women are walking too. I didn’t know that the majority of the states still have death penalty. I didn’t know that sometimes there isn’t any justice and that there are people on death row because they couldn’t afford a good layer. Probably I did know, but I never was that close.

In the beginning I felt like in a boring movie. Everything seemed artificial. The cops, who guarded the prison gate. The people praying, talking, screaming, and singing for someone I don’t even know. The TV teams on the little roof. It was a kind of festival without candies and popcorn. But when the time went by there was no doubt: Somebody will die tonight.

And when there where only five minutes to go and the crowd calmed down and there was nothing left then silence - I couldn’t believe how wrong this felt. Finally they donated him another half an hour… for a last review of the file Babbitt in Washington.

Then silence again and I sent this man my prayers, they were clear in my mind even I never memorized them. I send them up to the heaven to a place with an entity I never believed in. I could fell the warm salt water flowing down my cheek. I could see his spirit rising up the prison, maybe it was the glitter of a TV camera. I saw his ghost dancing on the sea, dancing hand in hand with the moonlight. Free and happy, sad and beautiful. He waved me and wished me luck for the rest of my life. He faded away under the sky and dived into the night to a place somewhere we all have to go, sooner or later, naturally or per purpose, murdered.

He killed, we made him to kill, they made him to kill, now they killed him. “First he killed for his country, now his country kills him”, one of the signs said. I heard the people talking who were close to him. I heard them telling tales from a man: healthy, friendly, aware…

There is no doubt of his crime, but is there only revenge on the other side? I was an observer, a witness of this wonderful night. Not more, not less… and this thoughts from my little different night shift that last night….

….. that wonderful night to die…

….. that wonderful night to be alive…

Newspaper article from the San Francisco Chronicle 05/06/1999
“Vietnam Vet Babbitt Executed: Ex-Marine dies at San Quentin …”

How Do I Became Lucid? (NightReport No. 3 - 28.04.1999)

I’m sorry, but I’m back in lab and this means another part of night-report. Basically, there will be only one night-report per week, Just because I don’t want to bother you too much. Anyway, there is always the “delete-button”… First I want to tell you about the problems we had the last week. The computer program crashed about 5-6 times in one night and to restart the SynAmp (amplifier) takes several minutes, which would be dumb when the dreamer just signal a lucid dream and we would miss this data. Well, today we received an update from the driver for the SynAmp and everything looks fine. I used the time to organize and clean up the lab, what else would you do with your spare-time? And now the big time can start. 4-5 recordings per week with several people for application and different dream subjects and everything under mine control…. almost everything. Meanwhile, I try really hard to understand more about the EEG-signals, but hey, this stuff looks still strange to me.
Okay, okay, okay…Tonights topic is “how do I become lucid?”. That is a good question and a lot of you guys want to know the answer. Well, there are several techniques out there and some of them work and other don’t. I will explain two of them. Basically what we want is that we recognize in our dreams that we dream. The first approach is the ‘Reflection Technique’ (Paul Tholey, one of the pioneers in the studies of lucid dreams. I met him personally at a symposium in Vienna and I could feel his spirit. Unfortunately, he died in the beginning of this year.) what Paul Tholey recommends to do is to ask yourself several times a day if your a dreaming and than you check the world very carefully for abnormalities, e.g. flying cats, talking plants… there is no doubt that you are awake but you have to ask yourself very serious. After a time you will start to ask yourself the same question in your dreams. But in your dreams you will find maybe a flying cat, which is not unusual for a usual dream, but in this moment you know hey there is a flying cat, flying cats are pretty unusual in the waking life. Thus, when I ask myself if I’m dreaming, than I have to answer this question with “yes, I’m dreaming”. After this conclusion your in… or better spoken your awareness is back and you have a lucid dream with every constraints you can imagine or not. It is your world and you are god #1. Paul Tholey recommends to do these reality checks in situation, which are relatively dream like, e.g. you meet somebody who you just thought about. Also you should do this reality checks a couple of times during the day. Actually there is a device to buy at the Lucidity Institut, some advertising ;-). It looks like a little beeper, which starts to vibrate randomly during the day. These vibrations reminds you to make a reality check!
Let’s talk about the MILD-technique from Stephen LaBerge. The abbreviation MILD stands for ‘Mnemonic Induction of Lucid Dreams’. This is one of the most powerful techniques right now (w/o any help-devices). Set your alarm clock two hours earlier than usual instead of 8:00am to 6:00am. Oh wait, better instead of no alarm clock and 12:00am to alarm clock at 8:00am. Hopefully the alarm wakes you from a dream (if not, try again a half an hour later). Keep this dream as vivid as possible in your mind. Remember the dream and go through the whole dream again. Stay awake for at least half an hour (that’s the hard part) and think the whole time about this dream, as vivid as possible. After half an hour go back to sleep and now start to put yourself back in this dream scenario. See yourself in this dream and keep this image as vivid as possible in your mind during the time you fall a sleep. Try to imagine how you would fly through this dreamland. See yourself walk in this dream and fall asleep in the real world. In the next REM stage you will find yourself in a dream, lucid, totally aware of where you are and what you are.
So, that’s it. Another possibility is to buy a NovaDreamer or the DreamLight. Both are a kind of goggle, which you wear during the night. This goggle recognize eye movement and send light signals back in your dreamland. As soon as you see these lights you know, “hey, this is a dream”. 30 days money back guarantee. You find this and much more on the Lucidity Homepage. Believe it or not it’s 2:18am and I take a nap….

Kurzfilm “Die Kunst des Träumens” von Amon Barth

Am 9. April waren Amon, Sascha und Marius bei mir am Sportinstitut in Heidelberg. Amon hatte mich vor längerer Zeit angefragt, ob ich für seinen Abschlußfilm über luzide Träume mitarbeiten könnte. Das Projekt klang interessant und Amon sympathisch und ambitioniert. Also entstand an diesem Donnerstag ein Teil des nachfolgenden Abschlussfilms.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yK2tGsioN9w

Dritte Ausgabe IJoDR

Heute ist die dritte Ausgabe unserer online-Zeitschrift International Journal of Dream Research erschienen. Das Ziel der Zeitschrift ist es begutachtete Beiträge aus dem Bereich der Traumforschung zu publizieren. Die Bereiche reichen dabei von Traumerinnerung, Trauminhalte, Albträume, luzide Träume, Träume bei Kindern bis zu psychologischen Aspekten des Schlafes im Allgemeinen. Zusätztlich zu den empirischen Arbeiten werden Überblicksartikel und Buch bzw. Mediabesprechung veröffentlicht. In der dritten Ausgabe der Zeitschrift gibt es fünf sehr interessante Beiträge:

  • The second year for IJoDR (Erlacher, Schredl)
  • Video Game Play and Consciousness Development: A Replication and Extension (Gackenbach)
  • Psychological boundaries, dream recall, and nightmare frequency: a new Boundary Personality Questionnaire (BPQ) (Schredl, Bocklage, Engelhardt, Mingebach)
  • The impact of early-life maltreatment on dreams of patients with insomnia (Schäfer, Bader)
  • Significance of Dreams among United Arab Emirates University Students (Salem, Ragab, Razik)
  • Work-related dreams as related to job and life satisfaction in hairdressers (Schredl, Funkhouser, Arn)
  • Recall of a specific word list in lucid dreams – an explorative online study (Erlacher)

Die Beiträge können kostenlos unter http://ijodr.org als pdf-Datei heruntergeladen werden. Das International Journal of Dream Research ist ein open access E-Journal und es werden keine Gebühren für den Autor erhoben. Interessierte Forscher/innen können ab sofort ihre Manuskripte an die Herausgeber senden:

* Michael Schredl (editor@ijodr.org)
* Daniel Erlacher (editor@ijodr.org)

Die nächste Ausgabe des International Journal of Dream Research soll im Oktober 2009 erscheinen.